Solar

Dwindling natural resources and the ever-growing demands of the human populace have led us to seek out alternative means of living. The good news is that nature’s sources can give us an endless supply of raw materials. The world’s dependence on conventional resources like fossil fuels has led to a slump in supply as it takes years for them to regenerate. And since we can’t wait around for millions of years, it so happens that we now have to rely on inexhaustible and alternative resources.

Sun can be the answer to our energy needs, provided we invest time and research on how best to harness it. Apart from being inexhaustible, it is clean and free. This means less pollution, which in turn will guarantee better health, cleaner air, water and surroundings and a reduction in unnatural global warming. Today’s technology allows us to harness the sun’s energy and transform it into electricity to power homes and factories.

Modern technology makes use of photovoltaic cells that trap heat from the sun and convert it into electricity. Equipment, like solar collectors, can be placed on rooftops to collect heat for warming water and rooms. Incidentally, the sun’s heat can also be used as a cooling system. Here, moisture is extracted from the air which in turn cools the atmosphere. Meanwhile, thermal concentrating systems can produce high temperatures of up to 3000 degrees Celsius. The resulting heat can be used in industrial applications or to generate electricity.

What’s great is that excess energy need not go to waste. It can be reverted to the grid and used later. And that’s not all. Feeding energy back into the grid also rolls back power meters, which save a considerable amount of money.

While solar power can be the solution to our energy problems, there are drawbacks also. The most significant is the cost factor as solar panels don’t come cheap. Since panels contain glass and semiconductors, they need to be regularly maintained and replaced. The repair work also calls for professionals to do the job as regular electricians aren’t equipped to deal with them.

Placement of sufficient panels requires ample space. Since one panel isn’t enough to generate sufficient power, a large number is needed. Places that see unpredictable weather like storms and hurricanes may also cause damage to systems whose cost of replacement won’t be small. Individual homes that use their own panels will also need to consider space to store batteries and this can be an issue for those living in small homes.

Disposal of panels and batteries is also a concern as they are very likely to contain toxic chemicals. However, batteries are 98% recyclable; so if there is a proper disposable method, it shouldn’t be too much of a problem.

Despite some of the problems associated with solar power, leaps in technology may soon see them virtually eliminated. In fact, researchers have come up with new devices that are far smaller and can harness solar energy on their own, without the need for large systems.

What’s next

1. Solar blinds

What’s new

Vincent Gerkens has come up with a new concept used to power the indoors during the night. He has devised a Venetian blind that traps the sun’s heat to produce ambient light. Computers and other devices can also be powered using an inverter.

What difference will it make

The blades of the blind can follow the sun’s motions around a room and trap energy, which is then converted into electricity using electroluminescent foil and solar cells to power light bulbs. This leaves the need for conventional energy far behind and you won’t need to pay large electricity bills.

2. Logitech solar keyboard

What’s new

Computer peripherals manufacturer, Logitech, has launched an innovative wireless solar-powered keyboard. Two solar panels mounted on top power the keyboard while you type, doing away with the need to recharge. A Solar App lets you know how much battery life remains. What’s unique is that the keyboard doesn’t necessarily need the sun to be recharged, fluorescent lights can do the job, too.

What difference will it make

Users can do away with the need for battery recharges. Besides, the PVC-free chassis and 100% recyclable packaging add to the allure.

3. SolarPrint

What’s new

Irish company, SolarPrint, has developed a very innovative solar cell technology which can convert light from any energy source. The technology has the ability to power wireless sensors and batteries. Since sensors have a limited battery life, this technology will prove to be a boon as it actually increases the life.

What difference will it make

Many modern gadgets and devices have in-built wireless sensors. SolarPrint’s technology will see these sensors being powered by batteries. In time, it could even have the potential for people to control lighting and heating if a wireless sensor network can be established.

What’s happening right now

Solar energy is one of the most reliable alternative power options. Across the world, green enthusiasts have accepted solar panels as a means to harvest alternative energy. There are various kinds of solar cells that you can use in different ways to produce power from sunlight and heat. Most traditional solar cells are static and they can generate power when the sunlight flashes on them. The green world is now going behind some recent sun chasing solar cells that can follow sun as it moves from the east to west to provide better output in generation of alternative power. Scroll down to find out some recent trends in the evolution of sun chasing solar panels.

More

Solar photovoltaics (PV) continue to be expensive in capital costs, needing close to $11,000 per kilowatt of power production. This high initial cost has inhibited wider adoption of solar energy despite the attraction of near zero operating costs. Researchers round the world are working on various new ideas to increase power production efficiency and thereby reduce the cost per kilowatt of solar PV systems. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is at the forefront of solar PV research and has come up with several new approaches during this year. Some technology companies have also announced new products. These developments signal important advances in solar PV technologies that could translate into greater efficiencies and lower costs.

1. 3D Solar Cells

Solar 3D, a Santa Barbara based technology start-up company has filed for patents for three dimensional solar cells that could raise energy conversion efficiencies from the current 15 to 18 percent levels to a number closer to the 29 percent theoretical limit for silicon. They expect to have a working prototype by the end of 2011.

In conventional silicon photovoltaic panels, some 30 percent of the incident sunlight is reflected back and does not generate electricity. Solar 3D says that it has designed the top surface of its new solar cells with micro grooves that will trap the sunlight and direct it inwards into the solar cell. This will give the photons more contact time to produce electricity. Solar 3D says the idea is inspired from fiber optics where two concentric layers of glass of different refractive indices confine light inside the optic fiber cable.

Solar 3D claims that its new solar panel is being designed for production in the same plants that produce current 2D cells. The manufacturing cost will be a major concern following the recent collapse of the solar panel manufacturer, Solyndra which has gone into liquidation after being unsuccessful in competing with low cost Chinese manufacturers.

2. Virus improves solar cell efficiency

In 2010, a team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) had announced that they had used carbon nano tubes to focus and funnel electrons inside a photovoltaic cell to increase production of electricity. This could result in greater production of electricity from smaller solar cells. The nano tubes however have the problem that they clump together and short circuit one another, negating the benefit of using them in solar panels. This year, another team from MIT has come up with a potential solution. They have used a genetically engineered virus M13 that bonds with nano tubes and coats them with a layer of peptides which are polymers made from amino acids. The peptide layer serves to keep the nano tubes in place and separated from each other, overcoming the short circuit problem. The improved alignment of nano tubes increases efficiency of electricity production. Once the peptide coating has been achieved, the scientists say it is possible to change acidity of the virus environment to make it produce Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and coat each nano tube with that substance. The TiO2 coating further improves the solar cell efficiency.

The virus makes the nano tube water soluble at room temperature and can be added as an easy additional step in solar cell manufacture which would result in the higher efficiency being achieved without major additional cost.

3. Printable solar cells

Another team of MIT scientists have come up with a process for making solar cells on flexible substrates using a process similar to inkjet printing. Conventional solar cells are made by etching the substrate and depositing layers of active materials in high temperature processes. The MIT team’s new process uses vapor deposition and temperatures below 120 degrees Celsius which permit the substrate to be made of plastic, fabric or even paper. The flexible solar panel does not break even if the substrate is folded and creased several times.

These printable solar panels have the potential to be applied in a number of new and innovative applications. Outdoor billboards which can generate their own electricity is one obvious application. Flexible solar panels can also be used on window blinds and other such applications.

4. Multicolored solar panels for power generating windows

Several ideas are being attempted to fit solar panels on the window panes of commercial buildings to make the windows produce power. An important advance in this direction is the development of solar panels in various colors by the Canadian company QSolar. The panels are available in green, blue, pink, purple, red and gray offering architects a wide range to blend with the color and materials they choose for the building facades. These colored solar panels can also be used as full curtain walls, for example, in an office cabin, that could generate electricity not only from the sunlight outside but also from the office lighting.

5. Organic coating turns window panes into solar panels

The concept of converting the window pane surface into a solar module is very attractive as the vertical sides of high rise buildings are much larger in area than the roof top which are currently used for locating solar PV panels. The problem of fixing solar thin film panels on window panes has always been that they cut down on the sunlight that they let through into the building. This ends up increasing the electricity used for lighting and offsets any power generated from the power windows.

A team from MIT may have found a neat solution to this problem. They have developed a new technology where the solar cells are made from organic molecules. These organic molecules absorb infrared rays and allow the visible light to pass through. The organic molecules can be applied as a coating on the inner surface of a double glazed window pane to protect it from abrasion due to wind-borne grit and from damage due to window cleaning chemicals. Over 30 percent of the cost of the current solar panels is from the use of glass panels to cover the solar modules. Using an existing window frame and glass pane eliminates these costs. Double glaze windows are commonly used in commercial buildings to reduce heating and cooling loads.